~

[Bitwise Operators]

描述

The bitwise NOT operator in C++ is the tilde character ~. Unlike & and |, the bitwise NOT operator is applied to a single operand to its right. Bitwise NOT changes each bit to its opposite: 0 becomes 1, and 1 becomes 0. For example:

0    1      operand1
———-
1    0      ~ operand1

Example Code

int a = 103;    // binary:  00000000000000000000000001100111
int b = ~a;     // binary:  11111111111111111111111110011000 = -104

Tips

You might be surprised to see a negative number like -104 as the result of this operation. This is because the highest bit in an int variable is the so-called sign bit. If the highest bit is 1, the number is interpreted as negative. This encoding of positive and negative numbers is referred to as two’s complement. For more information, see the Wikipedia article on two’s complement.

As an aside, it is interesting to note that for any integer x, ~x is the same as -x-1.

At times, the sign bit in a signed integer expression can cause some unwanted surprises.

參考

• [Example] BitMath Tutorial

語法參考主頁面

86Duino 參考的文本是根據 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License，部分文本是從 the Arduino reference 修改的。 參考中的代碼示例已發佈到公共領域。