if

[Control Structures]

説明

if, which is used in conjunction with a comparison operator, tests whether a certain condition has been reached, such as an input being above a certain number.

構文

if (condition) {
  //statement(s)
}

媒介変数

condition: a boolean expression (i.e., can be true または false).

if (someVariable > 50)
{
  // do something here
}

The program tests to see if someVariable is greater than 50. If it is, the program takes a particular action. Put another way, if the statement in parentheses is true, the statements inside the brackets are run. If not, the program skips over the code.

例

The brackets may be omitted after an if statement. If this is done, the next line (defined by the semicolon) becomes the only conditional statement.

if (x > 120) digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH);
 
if (x > 120)
digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH);
 
if (x > 120){ digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH); }
 
if (x > 120){
  digitalWrite(LEDpin1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(LEDpin2, HIGH);
}
// all are correct

Notes and Warnings

The statements being evaluated inside the parentheses require the use of one or more operators shown below.

Comparison Operators:

x == y   (x is equal to y)
x != y   (x is not equal to y)
x < y    (x is less than y)
x > y    (x is greater than y)
x <= y   (x is less than or equal to y)
x >= y   (x is greater than or equal to y)

Warning:

Beware of accidentally using the single equal sign (e.g. if (x = 10) ). The single equal sign is the assignment operator and sets x to 10 (puts the value 10 into the variable x). Instead, use the double equal sign (e.g. if (x == 10) ), which is the comparison operator, and tests whether x is equal to 10 or not. The latter statement is only true if x equals 10, but the former statement will always be true.

This is because C evaluates the statement if (x=10) as follows: 10 is assigned to x (remember that the single equal sign is the assignment operator), so x now contains 10. Then the ‘if’ conditional evaluates 10, which always evaluates to TRUE, since any non-zero number evaluates to TRUE. Consequently, if (x = 10) will always evaluate to TRUE, which is not the desired result when using an ‘if’ statement. Additionally, the variable x will be set to 10, which is also not a desired action.

if can also be part of a branching control structure using the if…else construction.

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